Caribbean Dependency Theory (CDT) emerged at the University of the West Indies in the 1960s and became particularly influential as a critical analytical response to evolving neoliberal policies in the 1970s. Despite that, its inhabitants are British citizens, meaning the Queen is their head of state … A UN delegation in 1977 found little interest in independence, however, and a locally drafted constitution was voted down by the electorate in 1979. GUAM Under the Treaty of Paris (December 1898) Puerto Rico was ceded outright to the United States. Since 1947, agriculture has been diversified to include dairy production. 27, No. Haiti was established on January 1, 1804, becoming the first independent state i… In the Caribbean dependencies of France and UK, life expectancy has moved more or less in parallel with that in their administrating countries, and as a result gaps in life expectancy were relatively small or non-existent in the early 2010s. The Department of Guadeloupe includes the nearby islands of Marie-Galante, La Desirade, and Iles des Saintes. NORTHERN MARIANAS Haiti occupies three-eighths of Hispaniola Island (10,714 square miles). Donna M. Christensen, a Democrat, was elected to serve a two-year term as representative in November 2006. English is the official and most widely spoken language. Haiti is an island state situated on Hispaniola Island. Boston University Libraries. This is an expanse (mostly of ocean) which measures about 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometres) from north to south, and over 2,500 miles (4,000 kilometres) from east to west. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. The population has more than doubled since 1930, despite extensive migration to the U.S. mainland. The unemployment rate was 6.2% in 2004. The PNP also won control of the house, while the PPD retained the senate. It is the biggest French-speaking Caribbean state with over 42% of the population conversing in French. In November 2000, PPD candidate Anibal Acevedo-Vila was elected commissioner from Puerto Rico; in November 2004, Acevedo-Vila was elected governor of Puerto Rico. Spanish is the official language, but many Puerto Ricans also speak English, which is required as a second language in the schools. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. There are 13 sovereign island nations and 12 dependent territories, with close political ties throughout the region to Europe and the United States. An estimated 5.0 million tourists visited Puerto Rico in 2004. The population of the U.S. Virgin Islands was estimated at 108,605 in 2006, down from 123,498 in 2002. The district court has appellate jurisdiction over the territorial court. At a Glance Many persons that visit the Caribbean are there to enjoy the natural beauty, the relaxation and the stress free activities. The small contingent of Spaniards compelled the Taíno, numbering perhaps 30,000, to mine for gold. A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, yet remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area. This story of oil in the Caribbean has implications for scholarly debates around the so-called Anthropocene. Islands off the coast include Mona and Desecheo to the west and Vieques and Culebra to the east. In 1947, Congress provided for popular election of the governor. He set up a General Assembly of the Leeward Islands in St. Kitts. It''s called Caribbean Countries and Territories, and includes things that just border on the Caribbean Sea. Puerto Rico lies between 17°51’ and 18°31’ n and 65°13’ and 67°56’ w. It is separated from the Dominican Republic (on the island of Hispaniola) to the west by the Mona Passage, which is 121 kilometers (75 miles) wide. There is excellent air service to New York, Miami, other points in the Caribbean and Latin America. By 1990 there were 2,000 plants in Puerto Rico. The full list is shown in the table below, with current population and subregion (based on the United Nations official statistics). A peaceful, sedentary tribe, the Taíno were adept at stone-work and lived in many parts of the island; to these Amerindians, the island was known as Borinquén. U.S. taxes do not apply in Puerto Rico, since the commonwealth is not represented in Congress. The chief executive is the governor, elected by popular vote to a four-year term. Constitutionally, the U.S. Congress has plenary authority to legislate for the territory. Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Puerto Rico’s businesses have duty-free access to the markets of the United States. This is, again, because of the incredible array of attractions their size allows. ." Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/united-states-caribbean-dependencies-0, "United States Caribbean Dependencies While many claim that fossil fuels helped cultivate a modern disregard for the natural world, I show how the negative ecologies of fossil fuels also instigated new scientific and political appreciations for the liveliness of the natural world. The PPD returned to power in 1972 but lost to the PNP in 1976 and again, by a very narrow margin, in 1980; in 1984, it took roughly two-to-one majorities in both houses. At that time, the U.S. Congress established an administration with a governor and an executive council, appointed by the U.S. president, and a popularly elected House of Delegates. Fifty short rivers flow rapidly to the sea. Historical buildings, cultural practices, public festivals as well as the population interest certain tourists (Daniel 170). Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Baptists make up an estimated 42% of the population, Roman Catholics 34%, and Episcopalians 17%. Both St. Croix and St. Thomas have airports, with St. Croix’s facility handling the larger number of jet flights from the continental United States and Europe. Puerto Rico. St. John was claimed by the company in 1683 and St. Croix was purchased from France in 1733. As of 2004, 127 radio stations (74 AM, 53 FM) were operation. The third culture, the Taíno were also of South American Arawak origin. Navassa. Between 1958 and 1962 most of the British-controlled Caribbean was integrated as the new West Indies Federation in an attempt to create a single unified future independent state. Descended from South American Arawak stock, the Igneri brought agriculture and pottery to the island; their remains are found mostly in the coastal areas. Most Caribbean Countries have gained their independence from their European colonizers. Population: 122,211 This paper looks at that dilemma for policy makers in Grenada. The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico enjoys almost complete internal autonomy. Education is compulsory. Its area is five square kilometers (two square miles). Navassa was claimed by the United States under the Guano Act of 1856. POPULATION : 307,451 Other institutions of higher learning are the Catholic University of Puerto Rico in Ponce, and the Inter-American University with campuses at Hato Rey, San Germán, and elsewhere. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. By Stabroek News-- October 15, 2020 By Bert Hoffmann No region depends more on tourism than the Caribbean. Electoral votes: 0 I've never heard Mexico called a Caribbean country, and Guyana, Suriname and French Guyana are often included in cultural definitions, because of the close historical ties between them and the islands. About 80% of the population is black. Depending on the speaker and the context, the phrase "Caribbean countries" has a variety of meanings:[30] Such as these images show below, Caribbean countries in the strictest sense, Caribbean countries in the widest application of the phrase, List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Caribbean, http://www.macmillan-caribbean.com/home/Home.aspx, "List of currencies of the world with ISO-4217", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ac.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bf.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bb.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/do.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/dr.html, "Central America :: Haiti — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sc.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/st.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vc.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/td.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/av.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vi.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cj.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mh.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tb.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rn.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sk.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tk.html, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/vq.html, http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=caribbean, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_West_Indies&oldid=999179861, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 21:48. The slaves revolted and the Danish colonizers brutally suppressed them. The subtropical climate, with temperatures ranging from 21–32°c (70–90 °f) and an average temperature of 25°c (77°f), is moderated by northeast trade winds. In Dependency and Socialism in the Modern Caribbean Euclid Rose focuses upon the efforts made by the English-speaking Caribbean through case studies that compare and contrast the political economies of Guyana, Jamaica, and Grenada to break out of the legacy of colonial dependency and underdevelopment through the implementation of a Caribbean brand of socialism. Only three of the more than fifty islands and cays are of significant size. The two largest Spanish-language daily newspapers, both from San Juan, are El Vocero de Puerto Rico (259,000 daily circulation in 2002), and El Nuevo Día (227,000). Not until colonization was well under way would the island acquire the name Puerto Rico (“rich port”), with the name San Juan Bautista applied to the capital city. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. About one-third of the island’s land is arable. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. A thriving manufacturing industry has been established. San Juan is the busiest commercial air center in the Caribbean. In 1940, when annual income per capita was $118, agricultural workers made as little as 6 cents an hour, and the illiteracy rate was 70%. In 1917, Puerto Ricans were granted U.S. citizenship. The mildly tropical climate is moderated by the surrounding sea, and seasonal variations are slight. HOWLAND, BAKER, AND JARVIS ISLANDS Caribbean Dependencies. The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela (Spanish: Dependencias Federales de Venezuela) encompass most of Venezuela's offshore islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Venezuela, excluding those islands that form the State of Nueva Esparta and some Caribbean coastal islands that are integrated with nearby states. By then, the gold mines were nearly depleted. Caribbean Dependency Thought Revisited. More than 40 steamship companies provide overseas freight and passenger service; San Juan, Ponce, and Mayagüez are the principal ports. U.S. In 2019, it was estimated that more than 647 million people lived in Latin America and the Caribbean. It is crossed from east to west by mountain ranges, the most prominent being the Cordillera Central, rising to nearly 1,338 meters (4,390 feet). The number of tourists rose dramatically throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, from 448,165 in 1964 to 2.6 million in 2005. The Crown Dependencies are not part of the United Kingdom, but are self-governing possessions of … In the November 2000 election, Sila M. Calderon of the PPD was elected governor. Navigate; Linked Data; Dashboard; Tools / Extras; Stats; Share . Stapleton's Federation was active between 1674 and 1685, during his term as governor, and the General Assembly met regularly until 1711. Puerto Rico was briefly held by the English in 1598 and San Juan was besieged by the Dutch in 1625; otherwise, Spanish rule continued until the latter part of the 19th century. The main state-supported university is the University of Puerto Rico, with its main campus at Rico Piedras. Montserrat is a member of both the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Caribbean Community despite being a dependent nation of the United Kingdom. Congress granted U.S. citizenship to the Virgin Islanders in 1927. In the family cruise arena, the big players in the Caribbean include Royal Caribbean, Norwegian, Carnival Cruise Line and Disney Cruise Line. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has said the government should consider imposing "direct rule" on the 14 British overseas territories and three Crown dependencies if they do not comply with UK tax law. For more than 400 years, the island’s economy was based almost exclusively on sugar. The next election was scheduled for November 2008. PALMYRA ATOLL For many years, Caribbean countries grew by narrowly focusing on tourism. . Representatives: 1 (nonvoting) American Samoa, an unincorpo…, Galápagos Islands, a group of nineteen volcanic islands and numerous islets in the eastern Pacific, lying astride the equator, 600 miles west of main…, LOCATION : Bahamas During the 17th century, the archipelago was divided into two territorial units, one controlled by the British, the other controlled by Denmark. "United States Caribbean Dependencies Now, during the corona crisis, it’s deserted and vulnerable. 301,800), 4,403 sq mi (11,404 sq km), in the Atlan…, United States Army Warrant Officers Association, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), United States Amish and Pennsylvania Dutch, United States Air Force Academy: Tabular Data, United States Air Force Academy: Narrative Description, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United States Agency for International Development, United Self-Defense Forces/Group of Colombia (AUC Autodefensas Unidas De Colombia), United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC), United Railways & Electric Co. OF Baltimore v. West 280 U.S. 234 (1930), United States Catholic Mission Association, United States Coast Guard Academy: Narrative Description, United States Coast Guard Academy: Tabular Data, United States Colonial Rule in the Philippines, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, United States District Court for the Eastern District OF Michigan, United States v. 407 U.S. 297 (1972), United States Foreign Policies Toward Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity, United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation, United States Government Accountability Office, United States Government Publishing Office, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/united-states-caribbean-dependencies-0. Navassa is a tiny island that lies between Jamaica and Haiti in the Caribbean Sea. Navassa. As well as 21 dependencies. The constitution was ratified by popular referendum on 3 March 1952. The West Indies can be taken to mean all the countries in and around the Caribbean Sea that lies within an area that stretches from Grand Bahama Island in the north to Curaçao in the south, and French Guiana in the east to Belize in the west. It has already provoked critical reviews of Caribbean integration processes, many of which had the EU as a reference point in one way or another 9. Many of them are dependencies of other countries. Puerto Ricans are of Spanish descent (80%), black (8%), or mixed ancestry (10%). pop. Economic development is promoted by the U.S.-government–owned Virgin Islands Corp. These orthodox policy recommendations have … The first Amerindian group are believed to have come from Florida. Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. In 2004 the per capita GDP was $14,500. divantilya +4. 3, pp. You can read all about that in my blog post here. Since 1972, the islands have sent one nonvoting representative to the U.S. House of Representatives. Dependent Territories . Christopher Columbus, who reached the islands in 1493, named them for the martyred virgin St. Ursula. Puerto Rico is separated from the Virgin Islands to the east by Vieques Sound and the Virgin Passage. Lewis (2016:532) observes that “the most striking realisation from BREXIT is that integration processes do not necessarily follow an inevitable trajectory of ever-closer union but can unravel”. WAKE ISLAND (2006). Raw crude oil constitutes the Virgin Island’s principal import. Beginning in 1956, there has been a focus on the tourist industry. The Roman Catholic religion is predominant (85%), but evangelical Protestant sects also have wide followings. Size: 136 sq. Economic development has brought an influx of new residents, mainly from Puerto Rico, other Caribbean islands, and the U.S. mainland. The Spanish colonizers then began importing slaves from Africa and sugarcane growing became the leading economic activity. A congressional act of 1950, affirmed by popular vote in the island on 4 June 1951, granted Puerto Rico the right to draft its own constitution. By 2005, per capita GDP was $18,600, and illiteracy had declined to just 6% (estimated to be slightly higher for females). For the UK islands this meant that they lost their initial advantage in male life expectancy relative to the UK. M.A., Geography, California State University - … Thousands of Puerto Ricans commute annually between Puerto Rico and the United States. There are 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean today, according to the United Nations. Endangered species on the island included the Puerto Rican plain pigeon, Puerto Rican parrot, Puerto Rican boa, giant anole, and hawksbill, leatherback, olive ridley, and green sea turtles. Charlotte Amalie has one of the finest harbors in the Caribbean. The holdings of the company were taken over as a Danish crown colony in 1754. According to 2000 Census, about 86% of the population ages 16 to 19 years old were enrolled in school; of those, about 18% were enrolled in private schools. Many scholars and observers have contended that while the Caribbean garners most of its revenue from tourism, it has had to contend with negative consequences such as the escalation of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Political Geography Basics Physical Geography Population Country Information Key Figures & Milestones Maps Urban Geography By. MIDWAY . The modern political world includes (58) territories and/or dependencies. The second Amerindian group, the Igneri, came from northern South America. By 1514, there were only about 4,000 remaining. In 1952, there were only 82 labor-intensive plants on the island. In this category, too, Royal Caribbean’s Oasis Class ships often are touted as the vessels to beat. Canadian Journal of Development Studies / Revue canadienne d'études du développement: Vol. The pro-commonwealth PPD remained in control of the government in every election from 1984–92, when Pedro Rosselló, an PNP member and supporter of statehood, was elected governor; Roselló was reelected in 1996. It is worth to mention that the total population of these overseas territories in the Caribbean is approximately 140,000. Columbus, accompanied by a young nobleman named Juan Ponce de León, landed at the western end of the island. The first visit by a European explorer was 19 November 1493, when Christopher Columbus landed. 12 Jan. 2021
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