The first political organizations are made up of cidadã and assimilados that previously voted for the metropolitan parties. Public order is kept by the Corps of Provincial Police. [179], Encouraged by the example of the United States of America, which had won its independence from Britain, the colonial province of Minas Gerais attempted to achieve the same objective in 1789. [184] More revolts would occur after the arrival of the court. [220], Map of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries; member states (blue), associate observers (green), and officially-interested countries & territories (gold), Actual possessions Explorations Areas of influence and trade Claims of sovereignty Trading posts Main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence, The Se Cathedral in Goa, India, an example of Portuguese architecture and one of Asia's largest churches. The Akan within the 'Minas' group had a reputation to have been experts in extrapolating gold in their native regions, and became the preferred group. The republican school was given the mission of creating and inculcating ... those qualities necessary for the exercise of the private and public rights of the Portuguese citizen and subject. 84–85, From 1808 to 1821, the capital was the city of, Iberian Peninsula and South America (1762–63), Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63), forts and plantations along the African coastline, European enclaves in North Africa before 1830, Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India, The Recovery of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos, Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil, United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, the agreement between the United Kingdom and China, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, 'Portugal's Discovery in China' on Display, "When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine", The Presence of the "Portugals" in Macau and Japan in Richard Hakluyt's, "The great escape? Known as the "Carnation Revolution", one of the first acts of the MFA-led government which then came into power – the National Salvation Junta (Junta de Salvação Nacional) – was to end the wars and negotiate Portuguese withdrawal from its African colonies. By 1739, at the apex of the mining boom, the population of Minas Gerais was somewhere between 200,000 and 250,000. The Province of Goa continued to be represented in the Portuguese National Assembly until 1974. In 1961 India annexed Goa and Dahomey (now Benin) annexed Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá. To me, as an ENS, "portugal's territory" is on mainland Europe; Madeira is as above. In 1931 the African escudo replaced all African currencies. [210], Presently, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP) serves as the cultural and intergovernmental successor of the Empire. It was published in 1595; the text was then included in the larger volume published in 1596 under the title "Itinerario: voyage, ofte schipvaert van Jan Huygen van Linschoten naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien, 1579–1592". 1 Portugal being the first European country to entertain colonies was also the last one to leave them. Many translated example sentences containing "overseas territory" – Portuguese-English dictionary and search engine for Portuguese translations. [203], The rise of Soviet influence among the Movimento das Forças Armadas's military (MFA) and working class, and the cost and unpopularity of the Portuguese Colonial War (1961–1974), in which Portugal resisted to the emerging nationalist guerrilla movements in some of its African territories, eventually led to the collapse of the Estado Novo regime in 1974. However, East Timor was almost immediately invaded by neighbouring Indonesia, which later occupied it up until 1999. These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from Angola and Mozambique), creating over a million Portuguese refugees – the retornados. The two failed sieges of 1538 and 1546 put an end to Ottoman ambitions, confirming the Portuguese hegemony in the region,[84][85] as well as gaining superiority over the Mughals. All correspondence concerning overseas possessions were funneled through the council. The Overseas Provinces (Províncias ultramarinas) of Portugal are the territories outside Europe that are politically integrated to the metropolis. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographer’s interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. The Portuguese C… While this process was similar to the agreement between the United Kingdom and China two years earlier regarding Hong Kong, the Portuguese transfer to China was met with less resistance than that of Britain regarding Hong Kong, as Portugal had already recognized Macau as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration in 1979. [218][219] Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic البرتقال (bourtouqal), Georgian ფორთოხალი (p'ort'oxali), Turkish portakal and Amharic birtukan. Once this psychological barrier had been crossed, it became easier to probe further along the coast. One of the longest-lived empires in world history, it existed for almost six centuries, from the capture of Ceuta in 1415, to the handover of Portuguese Macau to China in 1999. Africanistas, nationalist and pro-independence parties. These survivors would settle Gloria Bay, Flamengo Beach, and Parapapuã with the assistance of the Tamoio natives. Decolonization prompted the exodus of nearly all the Portuguese colonial settlers and of many mixed-race people from the colonies. [148] Manila was also incorporated into the Macau-Nagasaki trading network, allowing Macanese of Portuguese descent to act as trading agents for Philippine Spaniards and use Spanish silver from the Americas in trade with China, and they later drew competition with the Dutch East India Company. Although he failed to spike the gold revenue, two short-term companies he established for the plantation economy drove a significant increase in production of cotton, rice, cacao, tobacco, sugar. For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the sweet orange in Europe, in several modern Indo-European languages the fruit has been named after them. [55] He encouraged Portuguese settlers to marry local women, built a church in honor of St. Catherine (as it was recaptured on her feast day), and attempted to build rapport with the Hindus by protecting their temples and reducing their tax requirements. There’s one place in the world considered a French territory in the traditional sense of the word, and that’s the French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises). At the height of European colonialism in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in South America and all but a few bases in Asia. Portuguese insist, "overseas provinces") in the world, and with a little luck she may soon regain an earlier distinction of being the only colonial power in Africa. A national curricula was made mandatory for public and private schools. another few decades had it not been for the wars in the overseas terri-tories of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea. Look through examples of overseas territory translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Slaves labeled as 'Minas' and 'Angolas' rose in high demand during the boom. In 1548 he created the first General Government, sending in Tomé de Sousa as first governor and selecting a capital at the Bay of All Saints, making it at the Captaincy of Bahia. [13], The main Portuguese goal was trade, not colonization or conquest. [48], The initial capture of Goa from the Bijapur sultanate in 1510 was soon countered by the Bijapuris, but with the help of Hindu privateer Timoji, on November 25 of the same year it was recaptured. overseas region translation in English-Portuguese dictionary. 1 Portugal being the first European country to entertain colonies was also the last one to leave them. [32] However, as it was not possible at the time to correctly measure longitude, the exact boundary was disputed by the two countries until 1777. At its apex the colonies spanned four continents: Europe, North America, Africa and Asia. When the Portuguese court fled to Brazil in 1807, following the Napoleonic invasion of Iberia, Brazil was removed from the jurisdiction of the council. To me, as an ENS, "portugal's territory" is on mainland Europe; Madeira is as above. [11] At the time, Europeans did not know what lay beyond Cape Bojador on the African coast. In the Azores, the Islands Armada protected the ships en route to Lisbon. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961). "Empire" as a description of foreign policy, This page was last edited on 18 January 2021, at 14:32. [192], In 1914, the German Empire formulated plans to usurp Angola from Portuguese control. Colonies also had, supervised by the metropolis, financial autonomy and decentralization according to their level of development. [198] As autumn approached, Germany found success in both Portuguese Africa and against Portuguese vessels, sinking multiple ships. But the empire gradually declined, as it did for other colonizers, partly because Portugal did not have enough people or resources to maintain so many overseas territories. [101] In 1579, Ndongo ruler Ngola Kiluanje kia Ndamdi massacred Portuguese and Kongolese residents in the Ndongo capital Kabasa under the influence of Portuguese renegades. The Chinese then massacred Portuguese who resided at Ningbo and Fujian trading posts in 1545 and 1549, due to extensive and damaging raids by the Portuguese along the coast, which irritated the Chinese. [52] His first objective was to conquer Goa, due to its strategic location as a defensive fort positioned between Kerala and Gujarat, as well as its prominence for Arabian horse imports. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. The Portuguese were unable to use it as a base for further expansion into the hinterland,[9] and the trans-Saharan caravans merely shifted their routes to bypass Ceuta and/or used alternative Muslim ports. [163], After the Portuguese were defeated by the Indian rulers Chimnaji Appa of the Maratha Empire[164][165] and by Shivappa Nayaka of the Keladi Nayaka Kingdom[166] and at the end of confrontations with the Dutch, Portugal was only able to cling onto Goa and several minor bases in India, and managed to regain territories in Brazil and Africa, but lost forever to prominence in Asia as trade was diverted through increasing numbers of English, Dutch and French trading posts. Portugal's colonies brought great wealth to this small country. In 1487, an overland expedition by Pêro da Covilhã made its way to India, exploring trade opportunities with the Indians and Arabs, and winding up finally in Ethiopia. In 1640 John IV was proclaimed King of Portugal and the Portuguese Restoration War began. [46] After the capture of Socotra, Cunha and Albuquerque operated separately. Twelve recipients came from Portuguese gentry who become prominent in Africa and India and senior officials of the court, such as João de Barros. | Salazar. Portuguese army officers in Angola held the view that it would be incapable of dealing militarily with an outbreak of guerilla warfare and therefore that negotiations should begin with the independence movements. A resolution was reached with the Treaty of Zaragoza in 1529, attributing the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. Portuguese (official), Umbundu, Kimbundu, and Kikongo. Portugal - Portugal - Overseas empire: Brazil’s independence in 1822 left Portugal’s overseas empire a largely African one, with scattered small holdings in Asia (in western India mainly Goa, Damão [now Daman], and Diu; East Timor in Indonesia; and Macau in South China). French Overseas Territories. Check 'overseas territory' translations into Portuguese. Europe's overseas territories: What you need to know. The Dutch attained victories in Asia and Africa with assistance of various indigenous allies, eventually wrenching control of Malacca, Ceylon, and São Jorge da Mina. [161] A distinguished seventeenth-century member was Salvador de Sá. The old Colonial Army (Exército colonial) was modernized in a new Overseas Army (Exército do Ultramar) after World War I. Salazar rebuffed a request in 1950 by Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to return the enclaves, viewing them as integral parts of Portugal. [168], The gold rush considerably increased the revenue of the Portuguese crown, who charged a fifth of all the ore mined, or the "fifth". That year the Portuguese also conquered Kannur, where they founded St. Angelo Fort, and Lourenço de Almeida arrived in Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of cinnamon. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative spice trade and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of Prester John that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the "Indies". [130] Along with the Jesuit missions later came disease among the natives, among them plague and smallpox. | ISBN: | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. [38] Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. In 1557 the Chinese authorities allowed the Portuguese to settle in Macau, creating a warehouse in the trade of goods between China, Japan, Goa and Europe.[78][80]. [158] In Ethiopia and Japan in the 1630s, the ousting of missionaries by local leaders severed influence in the respective regions. [189][190], The project to connect the two colonies, the Pink Map, was the main objective of Portuguese policy in the 1880s. [176] Pombal wished to improve the status of the natives by declaring them free and increasing the mestizo population by encouraging intermarriage between them and the white population. [72][73] In 1514, Afonso de Albuquerque, the Viceroy of the Estado da India, dispatched Italian Rafael Perestrello to sail to China in order to pioneer European trade relations with the nation. [86] However, the Ottomans fought off attacks from the Portuguese in the Red Sea and in the Sinai Peninsula in 1541, and in the northern region of the Persian Gulf in 1546 and 1552. Portuguese operations in Asia did not go unnoticed, and in 1521 Magellan arrived in the region and claimed the Philippines for Spain. Scientific Expeditions in the Portuguese Overseas Territories (1783-1808), and the Role of Lisbon in the Intellectual-Scientific Community of the Late Eighteenth Century | Simon, William Joel | ISBN: | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. [155][156], Meanwhile, in the Arabian Peninsula, the Portuguese also lost control of Ormuz by a joint alliance of the Safavids and the English in 1622, and Oman under the Al-Ya'arubs would capture Muscat in 1650. However republicans themselves where divided between colonial paternalism or full independence. [200], In the wake of World War II, decolonization movements began to gain momentum in the empires of the European powers. [116] Sousa returned to Lisbon a year later to become governor of India and never returned to Brazil. [5], Free from threats to its existence and unchallenged by the wars fought by other European states, Portuguese attention turned overseas and towards a military expedition to the Muslim lands of North Africa. In the overseas provinces, the municipios are established in the capital of the province (Luanda, Lourenço Marques, Bissau, Cabinda, Praia and São Tomé) and some large cities (Matola, Beira, Huambo and Lobito). sanctions, as provided in General Assembly resolu- tions 1807 (XVII) and 1819 (XVII). [15] In 1443 Infante Dom Pedro, Henry's brother and by then regent of the Kingdom, granted him the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador. The Portuguese Constitutions of 1911 and 1927 gave full representation to the overseas colonies in the Congress of the Republic and the power to enactment legislation for its administration. [106][107][108], Guarding its trade from both European and Asian competitors, Portugal dominated not only the trade between Asia and Europe, but also much of the trade between different regions of Asia and Africa, such as India, Indonesia, China, and Japan. Translation for 'overseas territory' in the free English-Portuguese dictionary and many other Portuguese translations. The 1890 British Ultimatum led to the contraction of Portuguese ambitions in Africa. The so-called Carnation Revolution of April 1974 in Lisbon led to the hasty decolonization of Portuguese Africa and to the 1975 annexation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia. [58] Though the trade was largely dominated by the Gujurati, other groups such as the Turks, Persians, Armenians, Tamils and Abyssinians traded there. The Institute of Tropical Medicina (Instituto de Medicina Tropical, IMT) in charge of investigation and training of health personal. overseas provinces, those which have a regime do indigenato, that is a separate administrative system for the African pop- ulation, and those which do not. From these bases, they engaged profitably in the slave and gold trades. The first one was divided into two parts : 1) Educa-tion, 2) Related Activities. Although Portugal began the process of decolonizing East Timor in 1975, during 1999–2002 was sometimes considered Portugal's last remaining colony, as the Indonesian invasion of East Timor was not justified by Portugal. [7][12] Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of Madeira (1419) and Azores (1427) were reached and started to be settled, producing wheat for export to Portugal. Luís Filipe's brother, Manuel, became King Manuel II of Portugal. [215], Today, Portuguese is one of the world's major languages, ranked sixth overall with approximately 240 million speakers around the globe. [202] The following year, the Portuguese constitution was amended to change the status of the colonies to overseas provinces. [49] However, such posts were centralized by Afonso de Albuquerque after his succession and remained so in subsequent ruling. In 1488 Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, and in 1498 Vasco da Gama reached India. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. Exploratory missions were carried out both ordered by the government, the "entradas" (entries), and by private initiative, the "bandeiras" (flags), by the "bandeirantes". Native education is largely in the hands of the Catholic Church. [77] The Chinese sent a squadron of junks against Portuguese caravels that succeeded in driving the Portuguese away and reclaiming Tamao. [180] Among the conspiracies led by the Afro- population was the Bahian revolt in 1798, led primarily by João de Deus do Nascimento. [33], The completion of these negotiations with Spain is one of several reasons proposed by historians for why it took nine years for the Portuguese to follow up on Dias's voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, though it has also been speculated that other voyages were in fact taking place in secret during this time. [173] This sharply checked Portuguese colonial ambitions in the late 18th century.[174]. [99] In response, the Kongo allowed the colonization of Luanda Island; Luanda was established by Paulo Dias de Novais in 1576 and soon became a slave port. In 1525, Spain under Charles V sent an expedition to colonize the Moluccas islands, claiming they were in his zone of the Treaty of Tordesillas, since there was no set limit to the east. [178] However, the diminished influence from states such as the United Kingdom increased the Kingdom's dependence upon Brazil. [171], Gold discovered in Mato Grosso and Goiás sparked an interest to solidify the western borders of the colony. [149], In 1592, during the war with Spain, an English fleet captured a large Portuguese carrack off the Azores, the Madre de Deus, which was loaded with 900 tons of merchandise from India and China estimated at half a million pounds (nearly half the size of English Treasury at the time). Although Europe's former colonial empires have been largely broken up, several countries remain overseas territories. Later in the year, U-boats entered Portuguese waters again and once more attacked Madeira, sinking multiple Portuguese ships. [citation needed] Around 1521, João Álvares Fagundes was granted donatary rights to the inner islands of the Gulf of St. Lawrence and also created a settlement on Cape Breton Island to serve as a base for cod fishing. In retaliation, the Portuguese fought and destroyed the Mamluks and Gujarati fleets in the sea Battle of Diu in 1509. Overseas countries and territories. natives (indígenas), that have the right of protection and welfare and enjoy freedom of expression, work and property. In the Portuguese overseas territories the natives live and work side by side with the whites as Portuguese citizens, absorbing Western culture gradually and without being hurried toward an independence for which their government does not consider them yet to be fitted. After the economic crisis of 1930 the BNU was nationalized and a common trade area was created by means of monetary reform. conclude: Unlike Spain, Portugal did not divide its colonial territory in America. | ISBN: | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. These heritage activities were extended to the Portuguese overseas territories, increasing the propagandistic impact emphasizing the historic rights over these colonies, advocated by the dictatorial regime. The land was found to be abundant in pau-brasil, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. Really far south. The first feitoria trade post overseas was established in 1445 on the island of Arguin, off the coast of Mauritania, to attract Muslim traders and monopolize the business in the routes travelled in North Africa. [18] Senegal and Cape Verde Peninsula were reached in 1445.[19]. The Portuguese Overseas Territories Vasco N. P. FORTUNA (Translation) In this second article about the Portuguese Overseas Territories it seems convenient to us to abandon the criterion of limiting the analysis strictly to the events which occurred in 1956, and which are elsewhere specially examined, and to include the whole period up to date. Alternative History is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in North and South America, Africa, and various regions of Asia and Oceania.[1][2][3]. In 1961, shortly after an uprising against the Portuguese in Angola, Nehru ordered the Indian Army into Goa, Daman and Diu, which were quickly captured and formally annexed the following year. The constitutional reform stated that the Overseas Provinces are an integral part of the Portuguese Republic with a regime of internal autonomy, has long has it is not contradictory to the Constitution and laws of the Republic. The sale of Portuguese Timor 1923 started a long and procrastinated process a discussion on the value of the colonies. When other countries were letting go of their colonies in the aftermath of World War II Portugal chose to cling to them even tighter. In 1954, a local uprising resulted in the overthrow of the Portuguese authorities in the Indian enclave of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. They established a trading center at Tangasseri, Quilon (Coulão, Kollam) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper,[41] and after founding manufactories at Cochin (Cochim, Kochi) and Cannanore (Canonor, Kannur), built a factory at Quilon in 1503. [138], In 1580, King Philip II of Spain invaded Portugal after a crisis of succession brought about by King Sebastian of Portugal's death during a disastrous Portuguese attack on Alcácer Quibir in Morocco in 1578. Shortly afterward, Humayun turned his attention elsewhere, and the Gujarats allied with the Ottomans to regain control of Diu and lay siege to the fort. The ensuing Cold War also created instabilities among Portuguese overseas populations, as the United States and Soviet Union vied to increase their spheres of influence. [25] Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. The realms continued to have separate administrations. [181] Several more smaller-scale slave rebellions and revolts would occur from 1801 and 1816 and fears within Brazil were that these events would lead to a "second Haiti". 16th century Portuguese illustration from the Códice Casanatense, depicting a Portuguese nobleman with his retinue in India, By the end of 1509, Albuquerque became viceroy of the Portuguese India. Selected response from: David Moore Local time: 16:18: Grading comment . The overseas administration is in charge of a Provincial General Governor, designated by the President of the Republic, an Executive Council (responsible before an elected Provincial Legislative Council in 1935) and an elected Provincial Legislative Council. Portuguese is also a primary language along with English in the British Overseas Territory of … [205], According to one historian, Portuguese rulers were unwilling to meet the demands of their colonial subjects (unlike other European powers) in part because Portuguese elites believed that "Portugal lacked the means to conduct a successful "exit strategy" (akin to the "neocolonial" approach followed by the British, the French, or the Belgians)" and in part due to the lack of "a free and open debate [in Salazar's dictatorial state] on the costs of upholding an empire against the anti-colonial consensus that had prevailed in the United Nations since the early 1960s". He and his nephew, Estácio de Sá, then established the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1567, after Mem de Sá proclaimed the area "São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" in 1565. [139] At Tomar, Philip promised to keep the empires legally distinct, leaving the administration of the Portuguese Empire to Portuguese nationals, with a Viceroy of Portugal in Lisbon seeing to his interests. [191] However, the idea was unacceptable to the British, who had their own aspirations of contiguous British territory running from Cairo to Cape Town. Portuguese Overseas Territories 1957 A. da SILVA REGÓ (Translation) This is the second scientific and cultural report published on Portuguese Overseas Territories. Moreover, twelve candidate countries or regions have applied for membership to the CPLP and are awaiting approval. In spite of free blacks and mulattoes playing a large role in Minas Gerais, the number of them that received marginalization was greater there than in any other region in Brazil. The Superior Colonial School of Lisboa (Escola Superior Colonial, ESC), renamed Superior Institute of Overseas Studies (Instituto Superior de Estudos Ultramarinos, ISEU) is in charge of training the overseas administrators and civil service. [60], The Malacca peninsula became the strategic base for Portuguese trade expansion with China and Southeast Asia. In 1581, the Seven Provinces gained independence from the Habsburg rule, leading Philip II to prohibit commerce with Dutch ships, including in Brazil where Dutch had invested large sums in financing sugar production. Many translated example sentences containing "United Kingdom overseas territory" – Portuguese-English dictionary and search engine for Portuguese translations. List of British Territories . Simultaneously Pêro da Covilhã, traveling secretly overland, had reached Ethiopia, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon be forthcoming. The handover on December 20, 1999 officially marked the end of the Portuguese Empire and end of colonialism in Asia. [208], In 1987, Portugal signed the Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration with the People's Republic of China to establish the process and conditions for the transfer of sovereignty of Macau, its last remaining colony. Provincial administration was reformed in 1920, 1924 and 1935 and its integration. As advisory and technical secretaries of the Papua '' the wars in the constitution choosing independence, which finally... These changes in the overseas provinces were not immune to these changes in the region wealth to small!: Europe, North America, portuguese overseas territories and Asia técnica and liceu nacional were. Is a List of the colonies to overseas provinces is minted and issued by overseas. Possessions were funneled through the council private sector council, can also can veto any resolution passed by.. 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The Movimiento Republicano por el Desarrollo de Mozambique ( MRDM ) and (!, fiscal, and Mozambique in 1964 territory '' is on mainland Europe ; is! British colonies, leaving settlers to come up with new revenue sources divided between colonial or! In 1693, gold was discovered at Minas Gerais became two captaincies, only two Pernambuco...
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